Cocaine Trafficking Increase and Risks for Commercial Vessels
Rising cocaine production and shifting trafficking routes pose significant risks to commercial ships, emphasizing the need for vigilance, preventive actions, and fair treatment of crews.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) Report
The UNODC’s latest report reveals that 2023 is shaping up to be a record year for the global cocaine market in terms of production, seizures, and use. Cocaine production is estimated at 3,708 tons, marking an increase of approximately one-third compared to the previous year.
This rise mainly reflects the expansion of illicit coca bush cultivation in Colombia. Meanwhile, cultivation areas in Bolivia remained stable, and those in Peru saw a slight decline during 2023.
Main Trafficking Routes
- Cocaine primarily flows from Andean countries to North America.
- Another significant route is from the Andes to Europe, either directly or through West and Central Africa.
UNODC notes a dramatic increase in cocaine shipments to Europe, based on higher seizures and wastewater analysis showing growing cocaine use. This rise outpaces the flows to North America.
Expansion of Trafficking to Asia
Recent seizure data also indicate expansion into Asian markets.
Comparison with Opium and Heroin
In contrast, Afghan opium and heroin production and trafficking remain at their lowest levels since 2001.
“Most indicators—production, seizures, and use—point to 2023 being a record-breaking year for the global cocaine market.” — UNODC
Author’s summary: The rapid growth and diversification of cocaine trafficking routes create mounting challenges for maritime security and law enforcement worldwide.